All ISTQB Foundation Level Practice Questions

When the tester verifies the test basis while designing tests early in the lifecycle, which test objective is being achieved?

In some Agile teams, people are encouraged to use their skills to help the team, regardless of their role. This could mean that testers help the developers write code and developers help testers test. What is this approach called?

Which of the following is a correct statement?

Why is it important to avoid the principle of tests wearing out?

When following a standard test process, when should the test control activity take place?

Which of the following is the activity that compares the planned test progress to the actual test progress?

If you are working on a project that is constrained by time and budget, which is pressuring testing to be done quickly. How should the test approach be adjusted?

What is the biggest problem with a developer testing his own code?

Which of the following is an example of a good testing practice?

When coding is directed by the test cases, what development approach is being used?

During which level(s) of testing should non-functional tests be executed?

When a system is targeted for decommissioning, what type of maintenance testing may be required?

In an iterative lifecycle model, which of the following is an accurate statement about testing activities?

In what way is CI/CD an example of the concept of shift-left?

In a formal review, which role is normally responsible for documenting all the open issues?

What is the primary reason to get early and frequent feedback from stakeholders regarding a product being developed?

Which of the following is a benefit of static analysis?

For a formal review, at what point in the process are the exit criteria defined?

Which of the following test techniques uses the requirements specifications as a test basis?

If you are testing a module of code, how do you determine the level of branch coverage you have achieved?

If you have a section of code that has one simple IF statement, how many tests will be needed to achieve 100% branch coverage?

Which of the following is a good reason to use experience-based testing?

What is error guessing?

When using the 3 C’s technique for user story development, what is the work product that is created for the Confirmation aspect?

You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. Based on the score achieved the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A If you apply equivalence partitioning, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum test coverage?

You are testing a thermostat for a heating/air conditioning system. You have been given the following requirements: • When the temperature is below 70 degrees, turn on the heating system • When the temperature is above 75 degrees, turn on the air conditioning system • When the temperature is between 70 and 75 degrees, inclusive, turn on fan only Which of the following is the minimum set of test temperature values to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis coverage?

You have been given the following conditions and results from those condition combinations. Given this information, using the decision table technique, what is the minimum number of test cases you would need to test these conditions? Conditions: Valid cash Valid credit card Valid debit card Valid pin Bank accepts Valid Selection Item in Stock Results: Reject Cash Reject Card Error Message Return Cash Refund Card Sell Item

You have been given the following requirement: A user must log in to the system with a valid username and password. If they fail to enter the correct combination three times, they will receive an error and will have to wait 10 minutes before trying again. The test terminates when the user successfully logs in. How many test cases are needed to provide 100% state transition coverage?

You are creating test cases for the following story, applying the ATDD approach. As a hotel owner I want to reserve all the rooms on a floor before moving to the next floor So I can maximize the efficiency of the housekeeping staff You have decided to apply equivalence partitioning to this requirement and have identified the following partitions for the occupancy of a floor: 0 | 1 - floor full | overbooked You also want to be sure that the software is usable by the staff and that it performs quickly in determining which floors have availability. Given this information, what should be the priority order for the tests you will design?

You are working in a team of testers who are all writing test cases. You have noticed that there is a significant inconsistency with the length and amount of detail in the different test cases. Where should the criteria for test case writing be documented?

Unit tests belong in which testing quadrant?

Which of the following is a project risk?

Which of the following variances should be explained in the Test Summary Report?

If the developers are releasing code for testing that is not version controlled, what process is missing?

Your team is using Planning Poker to estimate the effort for a story. Developer Vote Tester Vote First vote 3 8 Second vote 5 8 Third vote 5 5 Although three votes were taken to reach consensus, how many story points should be allocated to the story?

You have been given the following set of test cases to run. You have been instructed to run them in order by risk and to accomplish the testing as quickly as possible to provide feedback to the developers as soon as possible. Given this information, what is the best order in which to run these tests? Test Case ID Duration Risk Priority Dependency 1 30 mins Low 6 2 10 mins Medium none 3 45 mins High 1 4 30 mins High 2 5 10 mins Medium 4 6 15 mins Low 2

You have been testing software that will be used to track credit card purchases. You have found a defect that causes the system to crash, but only if a person has made and voided 10 purchases in a row. What is the proper priority and severity rating for this defect?

Which of the following is an example of a tool that supports static testing?

Which of the following is a benefit of test automation?

What is the test basis?

When the tester verifies the test basis while designing tests early in the lifecycle, which common test objective is being achieved?

When following the fundamental test process, when should the test control activity take place?

Which of the following is a correct statement?

Which of the following is an example of debugging?

Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing?

A new retail product was released to production by your company. Shortly after the release it was apparent that there were numerous problems with the point of sale application. This resulted in a number of customer complaints and negative postings on social media encouraging people to take their business to your competitor. You have investigated the problems and have discovered that the production point of sale equipment is a later model than the model used in testing. The software functions correctly on the old version, but fails on the later model. Given this scenario, what is the root cause and what is the effect?

If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements, what do you need to track?

Which of the following is most correct regarding the test level at which functional tests may be executed?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the V-model lifecycle?

Usability testing is an example of which type of testing?

What type of testing is normally conducted to verify that a product meets a particular regulatory requirement?

You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren’t in the build or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?

In a formal review, which role is normally responsible for documenting all the open issues?

Which testing technique would be most effective in determining and improving the maintainability of the code (assuming developers fix what is found)?

For a formal review, at what point in the process are the entry and exit criteria defined?

If the author of the code is leading a code review for other developers and testers, what type of review is it?

You are participating in a role-based review session. Your assigned role is that of a senior citizen. The product is an online banking application that is targeted for use on smart phones. You are currently reviewing the user interface of the product with a prototype that works on iPhones. Which of the following is an area that you should review?

Which of the following is an extension of equivalence partitioning?

If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design technique is being used?

Which of the following is a good reason to use experience-based testing?

If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing are you doing?

If you are testing a module of code, how do you determine the level of decision coverage you have achieved?

Which of the following best describes the behaviors defined in a use case that should be covered by tests?

You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. Based on the score achieved the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A If you apply equivalence partitioning, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum test coverage?

You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. Based on the score achieved the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A If you apply two-value boundary value analysis, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum test coverage?

You have been given the following conditions and results from those condition combinations. Given this information, using the decision table technique, what is the minimum number of test cases you would need to test these conditions? Conditions: Valid cash Valid credit card Valid debit card Valid pin Bank accepts Valid Selection Item in Stock Results: Reject Cash Reject Card Error Message Return Cash Refund Card Sell Item

You have been given the following requirement: A user must log in to the system with a valid username and password. If they fail to enter the correct combination three times, they will receive an error and will have to wait 10 minutes before trying again. The test terminates when the user successfully logs in. How many test cases are needed to provide 100% state transition coverage?

You are testing a thermostat for a heating/air conditioning system. You have been given the following requirements: • When the temperature is below 70 degrees, turn on the heating system • When the temperature is above 75 degrees, turn on the air conditioning system • When the temperature is between 70 and 75 degrees, inclusive, turn on fan only Which of the following is the minimum set of test temperature values to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis coverage?

A metric that tracks the number of test cases executed is gathered during which activity in the test process?

Who is normally responsible for the creation and update of a test plan for a project?

Which of the following variances should be explained in the Test Summary Report?

Which of the following is a project risk?

Which of the following is a benefit of test independence?

You are working in a team of testers who are all writing test cases. You have noticed that there is a significant inconsistency with the length and amount of detail in the different test cases. Where should the test case guidelines have been documented?

Which of the following is an example of a good exit criterion from system testing?

You have received the following description section in a defect report: The report executed per the attached steps, but the data was incorrect. For example, the information in column 1 was wrong. See the attached screenshot. This report is critical to the users and they will be unable to do their jobs without this information. What is the biggest problem with this defect report?

You have been given the following set of test cases to run. You have been instructed to run them in order by risk and to accomplish the testing as quickly as possible to provide feedback to the developers as soon as possible. Given this information, what is the best order in which to run these tests? Test Case ID Duration Risk Priority Dependency 1 30 mins Low 6 2 10 mins Medium none 3 45 mins High 1 4 30 mins High 2 5 10 mins Medium 4 6 15 mins Low 2

Why is it important to define usage guidelines for a new tool?

Which of the following is an example of a tool that supports static testing?

Which of the following is the activity that removes the cause of a failure?

As a tester, which of the following is a key to effectively communicating and maintaining positive relationships with developers when there is disagreement over the prioritization of a defect?

Why is software testing sometimes required for legal reasons?

In what way does root cause analysis contribute to process improvement?

Why is it important to avoid the pesticide paradox?

Which of the following is the activity that compares the planned test progress to the actual test progress?

Which of the following is the correct statement?

What type of activity is normally used to find and fix a defect in the code?

During which level of testing should non-functional tests be executed?

When a system is targeted for decommissioning, what type of maintenance testing may be required?

If impact analysis indicates that the overall system could be significantly affected by system maintenance activities, why should regression testing be executed after the changes?

In an iterative lifecycle model, which of the following is an accurate statement about testing activities?

Use cases are a test basis for which level of testing?

Which of the following techniques is a form of static testing?

Which of the following is a benefit of static analysis?

What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?

If a review session is led by the author of the work product, what type of review is it?

You are preparing for a review of a mobile application that will allow users to transfer money between bank accounts from different banks. Security is a concern with this application and the previous version of this application had numerous security vulnerabilities (some of which were found by hackers). It is very important that this doesn’t happen again. Given this information, what type of review technique would be most appropriate?

Which of the following is an experience-based testing technique?

Which of the following test techniques uses the requirements specifications as a test basis?

How is statement coverage determined?

If you have a section of code that has one simple IF statement, how many tests will be needed to achieve 100% decision coverage?

What is error guessing?

When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called?

You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. You want to group your test conditions to minimize the testing. Identify how many equivalence classes are necessary for the following range. Weights are rounded to the nearest pound. Weight 1 to 10 lbs. 11 to 25 lbs. 26 to 50 lbs. 51 lbs. and up Shipping Cost $5.00 $7.50 $12.00 $17.00

You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value analysis as part of your black-box test design. How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis? Weight 0 to 10 lbs. 11 to 25 lbs. 26 to 50 lbs. 51 lbs. to 100 Shipping Cost $5.00 $7.50 $12.00 $17.00

You are testing an e-commerce transaction that has the following states and transitions: 1. Login (invalid) > Login 2. Login > Search 3. Search > Search 4. Search > Shopping Cart 5. Shopping Cart > Search 6. Shopping Cart > Checkout 7. Checkout > Search 8. Checkout > Logout For a state transition diagram, how many transitions should be shown?

You are testing a banking application that allows a customer to withdraw 20, 100 or 500 dollars in a single transaction. The values are chosen from a drop-down list and no other values may be entered. How many equivalence partitions need to be tested to achieve 100% equivalence partition coverage?

Level of risk is determined by which of the following?

Who normally writes the test plan for a project?

What is the biggest problem with a developer testing his own code?

Which of the following is a project risk?

If your test strategy is based off the list of the ISO 25010 quality characteristics, what type of strategy is it?

If the developers are releasing code for testing that is not version controlled, what process is missing?

You are getting ready to test another upgrade of an ERP system. The previous upgrade was tested by your team and has been in production for several years. For this situation, which of the following is the most appropriate test effort estimation technique?

You have been testing software that will be used to track credit card purchases. You have found a defect that causes the system to crash, but only if a person has made and voided 10 purchases in a row. What is the proper priority and severity rating for this defect?

Consider the following test cases that are used to test an accounting system: Test ID Name Dependency Priority 1 Purchase Item none 2 2 Receive Invoice Test 1 3 3 Receive Goods Test 1 2 4 Send Payment Test 2 3 5 Report Payments Test 4 1 Given this information, what is the proper order in which to execute these test cases?

Which of the following are major objectives of a pilot project for a tool introduction?

What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?

Which one of the following answers describes a test condition?

Which of the following statements is a valid objective for testing?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between testing and debugging?

Which one of the statements below describes the most common situation for a failure discovered during testing or in production?

Mr. Test has been testing software applications on mobile devices for a period of 5 years. He has a wealth of experience in testing mobile applications and achieves better results in a shorter time than others. Over several months Mr. Test did not modify the existing automated test cases and did not create any new test cases. This leads to fewer and fewer defects being found by executing the tests. What principle of testing did Mr. Test not observe?

In what way can testing be part of Quality Assurance?

Which of the following activities is part of the main activity "test analysis" in the test process?

Match the following test work products (1-4) with the right description (A-D). 1. Test suite. 2. Test case. 3. Test script. 4. Test charter.

How can white-box testing be applied during acceptance testing?

Which of the following statements comparing component testing and system testing is TRUE?

Which one of the following is TRUE?

Which one of the following is the BEST definition of an incremental development model?

Which of the following should NOT be a trigger for maintenance testing?

Which of the following options are roles in a formal review?

Which activities are carried out within the planning of a formal review?

Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose when the review must follow a formal process based on rules and checklists?

Which TWO of the following statements about static testing are MOST true?

You will be invited to a review. The work product to be reviewed is a description of the in-house document creation process. The aim of the description is to present the work distribution between the different roles involved in the process in a way that can be clearly understood by everyone. You will be invited to a checklist-based review. The checklist will also be sent to you. It includes the following points: i. Is the person who performs the activity clearly identified for each activity? ii. Is the entry criteria clearly defined for each activity? iii. Is the exit criteria clearly defined for each activity? iv. Are the supporting roles and their scope of work clearly defined for each activity? In the following we show an excerpt of the work result to be reviewed, for which you should use the checklist above: "After checking the customer documentation for completeness and correctness, the software architect creates the system specification. Once the software architect has completed the system specification, he invites testers and verifiers to the review. A checklist describes the scope of the review. Each invited reviewer creates review comments - if necessary - and concludes the review with an official review done-comment." Which of the following statements about your review is correct?

What is checklist-based testing?

Which one of the following options is categorized as a black-box test technique?

The following statement refers to decision coverage: “When the code contains only a single ‘if’ statement and no loops or CASE statements, and its execution is not nested within the test, any single test case we run will result in 50% decision coverage.” Which of the following statement is correct?

Which one of the following is the description of statement coverage?

Which statement about the relationship between statement coverage and decision coverage is true?

For which of the following situations is explorative testing suitable?

An employee’s bonus is to be calculated. It cannot be negative, but it can be calculated down to zero. The bonus is based on the length of employment:  less than or equal to 2 years,  more than 2 years but less than 5 years,  5 to 10 years inclusively or longer than 10 years. What is the minimum number of test cases required to cover all valid equivalence partitions for calculating the bonus?

A speed control and reporting system has the following characteristics: If you drive 50 km/h or less, nothing will happen. If you drive faster than 50 km/h, but no more than 55 km/h, you will be warned. If you drive faster than 55 km/h but not more than 60 km/h, you will be fined. If you drive faster than 60 km/h, your driving license will be suspended. The speed in km/h is available to the system as an integer value. Which would be the most likely set of values (km/h) identified by applying the boundary value analysis, where only the boundary values on the boundaries of the equivalence classes are relevant?

A company's employees are paid bonuses if they work more than a year in the company and achieve a target which is individually agreed before. These facts can be shown in a decision table: Test-ID T1 T2 T3 T4 Condition1 Employment for more YES NO NO YES than 1 year? Condition2 Agreed target? NO NO YES YES Condition3 Achieved target? NO NO YES YES Action Bonus payment NO NO NO NO Which of the following test cases represents a situation that can happen in real life,and is missing in the above decision table?

Which of the following statements about the given state transition diagram and table of test cases is TRUE? Power Off TV Off (S1) TV Play (S3) Power Power ON Off RC On TV Stand By (S2) RC Off Test Case 1 2 3 4 5 Start State S1 S2 S2 S3 S3 Input Power On Power Off RC On RC Off Power Off Expected Final S2 S1 S3 S2 S1 State

A video application has the following requirement: The application shall allow playing a video on the following display resolution: 1. 640x480. 2. 1280x720. 3. 1600x1200. 4. 1920x1080. Which of the following list of test cases is a result of applying the equivalence partitioning test technique to test this requirement?

Which of the following statements BEST describes how tasks are divided between the test manager and the tester?

Which of the following metrics would be MOST useful to monitor during test execution?

Which TWO of the following can affect and be part of the (initial) test planning?

Which of the following lists contains only typical exit criteria from testing?

Which one of the following is NOT included in a test summary report?

The project develops a "smart" heating thermostat. The control algorithms of the thermostat were modeled as Matlab/Simulink models and run on the internet connected server. The thermostat uses the specifications of the server to trigger the heating valves. The test manager has defined the following test strategy/approach in the test plan: 1. The acceptance test for the whole system is executed as an experience-based test. 2. The control algorithms on the server are tested during implementation using continuous integration. 3. The functional test of the thermostat is performed as risk-based testing. 4. The security tests of data / communication via the internet are executed together with external security experts. What four common types of test strategies/approaches did the test manager implement in the test plan?

Which one of the following is the characteristic of a metrics-based approach for test estimation?

As a test manager you are responsible for testing the following requirements: R1 - Process anomalies R2 - Synchronization R3 - Approval R4 - Problem solving R5 - Financial data R6 - Diagram data R7 - Changes to the user profile Notation: Logical requirement dependencies (A -> B means, that B depends on A): R3 R4 R1 R2 R5 R6 R7 Which one of the following options structures the test execution schedule according to the requirement dependencies? R5 R6

You are testing a new version of software for a coffee machine. The machine can prepare different types of coffee based on four categories. i.e., coffee size, sugar, milk, and syrup. The criteria are as follows:  Coffee size (small, medium, large),  Sugar (none, 1 unit, 2 units, 3 units, 4 units),  Milk (yes or no),  Coffee flavor syrup (no syrup, caramel, hazelnut, vanilla). Now you are writing a defect report with the following information: Title: Low coffee temperature. Short summary: When you select coffee with milk, the time for preparing coffee is too long and the temperature of the beverage is too low (less than 40 °C ) Expected result: The temperature of coffee should be standard (about 75 °C). Degree of risk: Medium Priority: Normal What valuable information was omitted in the above defect report?

Which one of the following is MOST likely to be a benefit of test execution tools?

Which test tool (A-D) is characterized by the classification (1-4) below? 1. Tool support for management of testing and testware. 2. Tool support for static testing. 3. Tool support for test execution and logging. 4. Tool support for performance measurement and dynamic analysis.

What is quality?

Which of the following is a typical test objective?

A phone ringing in an adjac ent cubicle momentarily distracts a programmer, causing the programmer to improperly program the logic that checks the upper boundary of an input variable. Later, during system testing, a tester notices that this input field accepts invalid input values. The improperly coded logic for the upper boundary check is:

A product owner says that your role as a tester on an Agile team is to catch all the bugs before the end of each iteration. Which of the following is a testing principle that could be used to respond to this statement?

Programmers often write and execute unit tests against code which they have written. During this self- testing activity, which of the following is a tester mindset that programmers should adopt to perform this unit testing effectively?

Consider the following testing activities: 1. Selecting regression tests 2. Evaluating completeness of test execution 3. Identifying which user stories have open defect reports 4. Evaluating whether the number of tests for each requirement is consistent with the level of product risk Consider the following ways traceability can help testing:

A tester participated in a discussion about proposed database structure. The tester identified a potential performance problem related to certain common user searches. This possible problem was explained to the development team. Which of the following is a testing contribution to success that BEST matches this situation?

Which of the following is an example of a task that can be carried out as part of the test process?

You are running a performance test with the objective of finding possible network bottlenecks in interfaces between components of a system. Which of the following statements describes this test?

Which of the following statements is true?

Consider the following types of defects that a test level might focus on: 1. Defects in separately testable modules or objects 2. Not focused on identifying defects 3. Defects in interfaces and interactions 4. Defects in the whole test object Which of the following list correctly matches test levels from the Foundation syllabus with the defect focus options given above?

A mass market operating system software product is designed to run on any PC hardware with an x86- family processor. You are running a set of tests to look for defects related to support of the various PCs that use such a processor and to build confidence that important PC brands will work. What type of test are you performing?

During an Agile development effort, a product owner discovers a previously-unknown regulatory requirement that applies to most of the user stories within a particular epic. The user stories are updated to provide for the necessary changes in software behavior. The programmers on the team are modifying the code appropriately. As a tester on the team, what types of tests will you run?

In a formal review, what is the role name for the participant who runs an inspection meeting?

You are reading a user story in the product backlog to prepare for a meeting with the product owner and a developer, noting potential defects as you go. Which of the following statements is true about this activity?

During a period of intensive project overtime, a system architecture document is sent to various project participants, announcing a previously-unplanned technical review to occur in one week. No adjustments are made to the participants’ list of assigned tasks. Based on this information alone, which of the following is a factor for review success that is MISSING?

You are working as a tester on an Agile team, and have participated in over two dozen user story refinement sessions with the product owner and the developers on the team at the start of each iteration. As the reviews have gotten more effective at detecting defects in user stories and the product owner more adept at correcting those defects, you and the team notice that the team’s velocity, as shown in your burndown charts, has started to increase. Which of the following is a benefit of static testing that MOST DIRECTLY applies to increased velocity?

You are working on a video game development project, using Agile methods. It is based on Greek mythology and history, and players can play key roles in scenarios such as the battles between the Greeks and Trojans. Consider the following user story and its associated acceptance criteria: As a player, I want to be able to acquire the Rod of Midas (a new magic object), so that I can turn objects and other players into gold AC1: The Rod must work on any object or player, no matter what size, which can be touched anywhere by the player holding the Rod AC2: Holding the Rod does not change the player holding it into gold AC3: Any object or player touched by the Rod transforms completely into gold within one millisecond AC4: The Rod appears as shown in Prototype O.W.RoM AC5: The transformation starts at the point of contact with the Rod and moves at a rate of one meter per millisecond You are participating in a checklist-based review session of this user story. This user story and its associated acceptance criteria contain which of the following typical defects identified by static testing in this type of work product?

What is decision coverage?

Prior to an iteration planning session, you are studying a user story and its acceptance criteria, deriving test conditions and associated test cases from the user story as a way of applying the principle of early QA and test. What test technique are you applying?

Which of the following is a true statement about exploratory testing?

You are testing a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. You are running a test suite that involves evaluating each screen and each field on each screen against a general list of user interface best practices, derived from a popular book on the topic, that maximize attractiveness, ease-of-use, and accessibility for such apps. Which of the following options BEST categorizes the test technique you are using?

Consider a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. A user story has just been added to the set of features that checks customers’ social media accounts and bank records to give personalized greetings on birthdays and other personal milestones. Which of the following test techniques could a PROGRAMMER use during a unit test of the code to ensure that coverage of situations when the greetings ARE supposed to occur and when the greetings ARE NOT supposed to occur?

A batch application has been in production unchanged for over two years. It runs overnight once a month to produce statements that will be e-mailed to customers. For each customer, the application goes through every account and lists every transaction on that account in the last month. It uses a nested-loop structure to process customers (outer loop), each customer’s accounts (middle loop), and each account’s transactions (inner loop). One night, the batch application terminates prematurely, failing to e-mail statements to some customers, when it encounters a customer with one account for which no transactions occurred in the last month. This is a very unusual situation and has not occurred in the years since this application was placed in production. While fixing the defect, a programmer asks you to recommend test techniques that are effective against this kind of defect. Which of the following test techniques would most likely have been able to detect the underlying defect?

You are testing an unattended gasoline pump that only accepts credit cards. Once the credit card is validated, the pump nozzle placed into the tank, and the desired grade selected, the customer enters the desired amount of fuel in gallons using the keypad. The keypad only allows the entry of digits. Fuel is sold in tenths (0.1) of a gallon, up to 50.0 gallons. Which of the following is a minimum set of desired amounts that covers the equivalence partitions for this input?

You are testing an e-commerce system that sells cooking supplies such as spices, flour, and other items in bulk. The units in which the items are sold are either grams (for spices and other expensive items) or kilograms (for flour and other inexpensive items). Regardless of the units, the smallest valid order amount is 0.5 units (e.g., half a gram of cardamom pods) and the largest valid order amount is 25.0 units (e.g., 25 kilograms of sugar). The precision of the units field is 0.1 units. Which of the following is a set of input values that cover the boundary values with two-point boundary values for this field?

Consider the following decision table for the portion of an online airline reservation system that allows frequent flyers to redeem points for reward travel: Condition 1 2 3 Account/password okay N Y Y Sufficient points - N Y Action Show flight history N Y Y Allow reward travel N N Y Suppose that there are two equivalence partitions for the condition where Account/password okay is not true, one where the account is invalid and another where the account is valid but the password is invalid. Suppose that there is only one equivalence partition corresponding to the condition where Account/password okay is true, where both the account and password are valid. If you want to design tests to cover the equivalence partitions for Account/password okay and also for this portion of the decision table, what is the minimum number of tests required?

Consider the following state transition diagram for a credit-card only, unattended gasoline pump: Assume that you want to develop the minimum number of tests to cover each transition in the state transition diagram. Assume further that each test must start at the beginning state, Waiting for customer, and each test ends when a transition arrives at the beginning state. How many tests do you need?

You are testing an e-commerce system that sells cooking supplies such as spices, flour, and other items in bulk. The units in which the items are sold are either grams (for spices and other expensive items) or kilograms (for flour and other inexpensive items). Regardless of the units, the smallest valid order amount is 0.5 units (e.g., half a gram of cardamom pods) and the largest valid order amount is 25.0 units (e.g., 25 kilograms of sugar). The precision of the units field is 0.1 units. Which of the following is a MINIMAL set of input values that cover the equivalence partitions for this field?

You are working as a tester on an online banking system. Availability is considered one of the top product (quality) risks for the system. You find a reproducible failure that results in customers losing their connections to the bank Web site when transferring funds between common types of accounts and being unable to reconnect for between three and five minutes. Which of the following would be a good summary for a defect report for this failure, one that captures both the essence of the failure and its impact on stakeholders?

You are testing a mobile app that allows users to find a nearby restaurant, based on the type of food they want to eat. Consider the following list of test cases, priorities (smaller number is high priority), and dependencies, in the following format: Test case number Test condition covered Priority Logical dependency 01.001 Select type of food 3 none 01.002 Select restaurant 2 01.001 01.003 Get directions 1 01.002 01.004 Call restaurant 1 01.002 01.005 Make reservation 3 01.002 Which of the following is a possible test execution schedule that considers both priorities and dependencies?

Which of the following is a common test metric often used to monitor BOTH test preparation and test execution?

Which of the following are two factors that can be used to determine the level of risk?

You are working as a project manager on an in-house banking software project. To prevent rework and excessive find/fix/retest cycles, the following process has been put in place for resolving a defect once it is found in the test lab: 1. The assigned developer finds and fixes the defect, then creates an experimental build 2. A peer developer reviews, unit tests, and confirmation tests the defect fix on his/her desktop 3. A tester—usually the one who found the defect—confirmation tests the defect fix in the development environment 4. Once a day, a new release with all confirmed defect fixes included, is installed in the test environment 5. The same tester from step 3 confirmation tests the defect fix in the test environment Nevertheless, a large number of defects which the testers confirmed as fixed in the development environment (in step 3) are somehow failing confirmation testing in the test environment, with the resulting rework and cycle time outcomes. You have the highest confidence in your testers, and have ruled out mistakes or omissions in step 3. Which of the following is the MOST likely part of the process to check next?

You are engaged in planning a test effort for a new mobile banking application. As part of estimation, you first meet with the proposed testers and others on the project. The team is well-coordinated and has already worked on similar projects. To verify the resulting estimate, you then refer to some industry averages for testing effort and costs on similar projects, published by a reputable consultant. Which statement accurately describes your estimation approach?

During a project following Agile methods, you find a discrepancy between the developer’s interpretation of an acceptance criteria and the product owner’s interpretation, which you bring up during a user story refinement session. Which of the following is a benefit of test independence exemplified by this situation?

You are defining the process for carrying out product risk analysis as part of each iteration on an Agile project. Which of the following is the proper place to document this process in a test plan?

Consider the following list of undesirable outcomes that could occur on a mobile app development effort:

You have just completed a pilot project for a regression testing tool. You understand the tool much better, and have tailored your testing process to it. You have standardized an approach to using the tool and its associated work products. Which of the following is a typical test automation pilot project goal that remains to be carried out?

Which of the following tools is most useful for reporting test metrics?

What is quality?

Which of the following is a typical test objective?

A phone ringing momentarily distracts a programmer, causing the programmer to improperly program the logic that checks the upper boundary of an input variable. Later, during system testing, a tester notices that this input field accepts invalid input values. The improperly coded logic for the upper boundary check is:

A product owner says that your role as a tester on an Agile team is to catch all the bugs before the end of each iteration. Which of the following is a testing principle that could be used to respond to this (false) statement?

Programmers often write and execute unit tests against code which they have written. During this self-testing activity, which of the following is a tester mindset that programmers should adopt to perform this unit testing effectively?

Consider the following testing activities: 1. Selecting regression tests 2. Evaluating completeness of test execution 3. Identifying which user stories have open defect reports 4. Evaluating whether the number of tests for each requirement is consistent with the level of product risk Consider the following ways traceability can help testing:

A tester participated in a discussion about proposed database structure. The tester identified a potential performance problem related to certain common user searches. This possible problem was explained to the development team. Which of the following is a testing contribution to success that BEST matches this situation?

Which of the following is an example of a task that can be carried out as part of the test process?

You are running a performance test with the objective of finding possible network bottlenecks in interfaces between components of a system. Which of the following statements describes this test?

Which of the following statements is true?

Consider the following types of defects that a test level might focus on:

A mass market operating system software product is designed to run on any PC hardware with an x86-family processor. You are running a set of tests to look for defects related to support of the various PCs that use such a processor and to build confidence that important PC brands will work. What type of test are you performing?

During an Agile development effort, a product owner discovers a previously unknown regulatory requirement that applies to most of the user stories within a particular epic. The user stories are updated to provide for the necessary changes in software behavior. The programmers on the team are modifying the code appropriately. As a tester on the team, what types of tests will you run?

In a formal review, what is the role name for the participant who runs an inspection meeting?

You are reading a user story in the product backlog to prepare for a meeting with the product owner and a developer, noting potential defects as you go. Which of the following statements is true about this activity?

During a period of intensive project overtime, a system architecture document is sent to various project participants, announcing a previously unplanned technical review to occur in one week. No adjustments are made to the participants’ list of assigned tasks. Based on this information alone, which of the following is a factor for review success that is MISSING?

You are working as a tester on an Agile team and have participated in over two dozen user story refinement sessions with the product owner and the developers on the team at the start of each iteration. As the reviews have gotten more effective at detecting defects in user stories and the product owner more proficient at correcting those defects, you and the team notice that the team’s velocity, as shown in your burndown charts, has started to increase. Which of the following is a benefit of static testing that is MOST DIRECTLY related to the team’s increased velocity?

You are working on a video game development project, using Agile methods. It is based on Greek mythology and history, and players can play key roles in scenarios such as the battles between the Greeks and Trojans. Consider the following user story and its associated acceptance criteria: As a player, I want to be able to acquire the Rod of Midas (a new magic object), so that I can turn objects and other players into gold AC1: The Rod must work on any object or player, no matter what size, which can be touched anywhere by the player holding the Rod AC2: Holding the Rod does not change the player holding it into gold AC3: Any object or player touched by the Rod transforms completely into gold within one millisecond AC4: The Rod appears as shown in Prototype O.W.RoM AC5: The transformation starts at the point of contact with the Rod and moves at a rate of one meter per millisecond You are participating in a checklist-based review session of this user story. This user story and its associated acceptance criteria contain which of the following typical defects identified by static testing in this type of work product?

What is decision coverage?

Prior to an iteration planning session, you are studying a user story and its acceptance criteria, deriving test conditions and associated test cases from the user story as a way of applying the principle of early QA and test. What test technique are you applying?

Which of the following is a true statement about exploratory testing?

You are testing a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. You are running a test suite that involves evaluating each screen and each field on each screen against a general list of user interface best practices, derived from a popular book on the topic, that maximize attractiveness, ease-of-use, and accessibility for such apps. Which of the following options BEST categorizes the test technique you are using?

Consider a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. A user story has just been added to the set of features that checks customers’ social media accounts and bank records to give personalized greetings on birthdays and other personal milestones. Which of the following test techniques could a PROGRAMMER use during a unit test of the code to ensure that coverage of situations when the greetings ARE supposed to occur and when the greetings ARE NOT supposed to occur?

A batch application has been in production unchanged for over two years. It runs overnight once a month to produce statements that will be e-mailed to customers. For each customer, the application goes through every account and lists every transaction on that account in the last month. It uses a nested-loop structure to process customers (outer loop), each customer’s accounts (middle loop), and each account’s transactions (inner loop). One night, the batch application terminates prematurely, failing to e-mail statements to some customers, when it encounters a customer with one account for which no transactions occurred in the last month. This is a very unusual situation and has not occurred in the years since this application was placed in production. While fixing the defect, a programmer asks you to recommend test techniques that are effective against this kind of defect. Which of the following test techniques would most likely have been able to detect the underlying defect?

You are testing an unattended gasoline pump that only accepts credit cards. Once the credit card is validated, the pump nozzle placed into the tank, and the desired grade selected, the customer enters the desired amount of fuel in gallons using the keypad. The keypad only allows the entry of digits. Fuel is sold in tenths (0.1) of a gallon, up to 50.0 gallons. Which of the following is a minimum set of desired amounts that covers the equivalence partitions for this input?

You are testing an e-commerce system that sells cooking supplies such as spices, flour, and other items in bulk. The units in which the items are sold are either grams (for spices and other expensive items) or kilograms (for flour and other inexpensive items). Regardless of the units, the smallest valid order amount is 0.5 units (e.g., half a gram of cardamom pods) and the largest valid order amount is 25.0 units (e.g., 25 kilograms of sugar). The precision of the unit’s field is 0.1 units. Which of the following is a set of input values that cover the boundary values with two-point boundary values for this field?

Consider the following decision table for the portion of an online airline reservation system that allows frequent flyers to redeem points for reward travel: Condition 1 2 3 Account/password okay N Y Y Sufficient points - N Y Action Show flight history N Y Y Allow reward travel N N Y Suppose that there are two equivalence partitions for the condition where “Account/password okay” is not true, one where the account is invalid and another where the account is valid, but the password is invalid. Suppose that there is only one equivalence partition corresponding to the condition where “Account/password okay” is true, where both the account and password are valid. If you want to design tests to cover the equivalence partitions for “Account/password okay” and also for this portion of the decision table, what is the minimum number of tests required?

Consider the following state transition diagram for a credit-card only, unattended gasoline pump: Assume that you want to develop the minimum number of tests to cover each transition in the state transition diagram. Assume further that each test must start at the beginning state, waiting for customer, and each test ends when a transition arrives at the beginning state. How many tests do you need?

You are testing an e-commerce system that sells cooking supplies such as spices, flour, and other items in bulk. The units in which the items are sold are either grams (for spices and other expensive items) or kilograms (for flour and other inexpensive items). Regardless of the units, the smallest valid order amount is 0.5 units (e.g., half a gram of cardamom pods) and the largest valid order amount is 25.0 units (e.g., 25 kilograms of sugar). The precision of the units’ field is 0.1 units. Which of the following is a MINIMAL set of input values that cover the equivalence partitions for this field?

You are working as a tester on an online banking system. Availability is considered one of the top products (quality) risks for the system. You find a reproducible failure that results in customers losing their connections to the bank Web site when transferring funds between common types of accounts and being unable to reconnect for between three and five minutes. Which of the following would be a good summary for a defect report for this failure, one that captures both the essence of the failure and its impact on stakeholders?

You are testing a mobile app that allows users to find a nearby restaurant, based on the type of food they want to eat. Consider the following list of test cases, priorities (smaller number is high priority), and dependencies, in the following format: Test case number Test condition covered Priority Logical dependency 01.001 Select type of food 3 none 01.002 Select restaurant 2 01.001 01.003 Get directions 1 01.002 01.004 Call restaurant 1 01.002 Which of the following is a possible test execution schedule that considers both priorities and dependencies?

Which of the following is a common test metric often used to monitor BOTH test preparation and test execution?

Which of the following are two factors that can be used to determine the level of risk?

You are working as a project manager on an in-house banking software project. To prevent rework and excessive find/fix/retest cycles, the following process has been put in place for resolving a defect once it is found in the test lab: 1. The assigned developer finds and fixes the defect, then creates an experimental build 2. A peer developer reviews, unit tests, and confirmation tests the defect fix on his/her desktop 3. A tester – usually the one who found the defect – confirmation tests the defect fix in the development environment 4. Once a day, a new release with all confirmed defect fixes included, is installed in the test environment 5. The same tester from step 3 confirmation tests the defect fix in the test environment Nevertheless, a large number of defects which the testers confirmed as fixed in the development environment (in step 3) are somehow failing confirmation testing in the test environment, with the resulting rework and cycle time outcomes. You have the highest confidence in your testers and have ruled out mistakes or omissions in step 3. Which of the following is the MOST likely part of the process to check next?

You are engaged in planning a test effort for a new mobile banking application. As part of estimation, you first meet with the proposed testers and others on the project. The team is well- coordinated and has already worked on similar projects. To verify the resulting estimate, you then refer to some industry averages for testing effort and costs on similar projects, published by a reputable consultant. Which statement accurately describes your estimation approach?

During a project following Agile methods, you find a discrepancy between the developer’s interpretation of an acceptance criteria and the product owner’s interpretation, which you bring up during a user story refinement session. Which of the following is a benefit of test independence exemplified by this situation?

You are defining the process for carrying out product risk analysis as part of each iteration on an Agile project. Which of the following is the proper place to document this process in a test plan?

Consider the following list of undesirable outcomes that could occur on a mobile app development effort:

You have just completed a pilot project for a regression testing tool. You understand the tool much better and have tailored your testing process to it. You have standardized an approach to using the tool and its associated work products. Which of the following is a typical test automation pilot project goal that remains to be carried out?

Which of the following tools is most useful for reporting test metrics?

Which of the following statements describe a valid test objective?

Which of the following options shows an example of test activities that contribute to success?

You have been assigned as a tester to a team producing a new system incrementally. You have noticed that no changes have been made to the existing regression test cases for several iterations and no new regression defects were identified. Your manager is happy, but you are not. Which testing principle explains your skepticism?

You work in a team that develops a mobile application for food ordering. In the current iteration the team decided to implement the payment functionality. Which of the following activities is a part of test analysis?

Which of the following factors (i-v) have SIGNIFICANT influence on the test process? i. The SDLC ii. The number of defects detected in previous projects iii. The identified product risks iv. New regulatory requirements forcing formal white-box testing v. The test environment setup

Which TWO of the following tasks belong MAINLY to a testing role?

Which of the following skills (i-v) are the MOST important skills of a tester? i. Having domain knowledge ii. Creating a product vision iii. Being a good team player iv. Planning and organizing the work of the team v. Critical thinking

How is the whole team approach present in the interactions between testers and business representatives?

Consider the following rule: “for every SDLC activity there is a corresponding test activity”. In which SDLC models does this rule hold?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) approach?

Which of the following is NOT an example of the shift left approach?

Which of the arguments below would you use to convince your manager to organize retrospectives at the end of each release cycle?

Which types of failures (1-4) fit which test levels (A-D) BEST? 1. Failures in system behavior as it deviates from the user’s business needs 2. Failures in communication between components 3. Failures in logic in a module 4. Failures in not correctly implemented business rules

You are testing a user story with three acceptance criteria: AC1, AC2 and AC3. AC1 is covered by test case TC1, AC2 by TC2, and AC3 by TC3. The test execution history had three test runs on three consecutive versions of the software as follows: Execution 1 Execution 2 Execution 3 TC1 (1) Failed (4) Passed (7) Passed TC2 (2) Passed (5) Failed (8) Passed TC3 (3) Failed (6) Failed (9) Passed Tests are repeated once you are informed that all defects found in the test run are corrected and a new version of the software is available. Which of the above tests are executed as regression tests?

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of static testing?

Which of the following is a benefit of early and frequent feedback?

The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:  There is the role of a scribe  The main purpose is to evaluate quality  The meeting is led by the author of the work product  There is individual preparation  A review report is produced Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?

Which of these statements is NOT a factor that contributes to successful reviews?

Which of the following is a characteristic of experience-based test techniques?

You are testing a simplified apartment search form which has only two search criteria:  floor (with three possible options: ground floor; first floor; second or higher floor)  garden type (with three possible options: no garden; small garden; large garden) Only apartments on the ground floor have gardens. The form has a built-in validation mechanism that will not allow you to use the search criteria which violate this rule. Each test has two input values: floor and garden type. You want to apply equivalence partitioning (EP) to cover each floor and each garden type in your tests. What is the minimal number of test cases to achieve 100% EP coverage?

You are testing a system that calculates the final course grade for a given student. The final grade is assigned based on the final result, according to the following rules:  0 – 50 points: failed  51 – 60 points: fair  61 – 70 points: satisfactory  71 – 80 points: good  81 – 90 points: very good  91 – 100 points: excellent You have prepared the following set of test cases: Final Final result grade TC1 91 excellent TC2 50 failed TC3 81 very good TC4 60 fair TC5 70 satisfactory TC6 80 good What is the 2-value Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) coverage for the final result that is achieved with the existing test cases?

Your favorite bicycle daily rental store has just introduced a new Customer Relationship Management system and asked you, one of their most loyal members, to test it. The implemented features are as follows:  Anyone can rent a bicycle, but members receive a 20% discount  However, if the return deadline is missed, the discount is no longer available  After 15 rentals, members get a gift: a T-Shirt Decision table describing the implemented features looks as follows: Conditions R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 Being a member T T T T F F F F Missed deadline T F T F T F F T 15th rental F F T T F F T T Actions 20% discount X X Gift T-Shirt X X X Based ONLY on the feature description of the Customer Relationship Management system, which of the above rules describes an impossible situation?

You test a system whose lifecycle is modeled by the state transition diagram shown below. The system starts in the INIT state and ends its operation in the OFF state. What is the MINIMAL number of test cases to achieve valid transitions coverage?

Your test suite achieved 100% statement coverage. What is the consequence of this fact?

Which of the following is NOT true for white-box testing?

Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing?

In your project there has been a delay in the release of a brand-new application and test execution started late, but you have very detailed domain knowledge and good analytical skills. The full list of requirements has not yet been shared with the team, but management is asking for some test results to be presented. Which test technique fits BEST in this situation?

Which of the following BEST describes the way acceptance criteria can be documented?

Consider the following user story: As an Editor I want to review content before it is published so that I can assure the grammar is correct and its acceptance criteria:  The user can log in to the content management system with "Editor" role  The editor can view existing content pages  The editor can edit the page content  The editor can add markup comments  The editor can save changes  The editor can reassign to the "content owner" role to make updates Which of the following is the BEST example of an ATDD test for this user story?

How do testers add value to iteration and release planning?

Which TWO of the following options are the exit criteria for testing a system?

Your team uses the three-point estimation technique to estimate the test effort for a new high-risk feature. The following estimates were made:  Most optimistic estimation: 2 person-hours  Most likely estimation: 11 person-hours  Most pessimistic estimation: 14 person-hours What is the final estimate?

You are testing a mobile application that allows users to find a nearby restaurant based on the type of food they want to eat. Consider the following list of test cases, priorities (i.e., a smaller number means a higher priority), and dependencies: Test case Logical Test condition covered Priority number dependency TC 001 Select type of food 3 none TC 002 Select restaurant 2 TC 001 TC 003 Get direction 1 TC 002 TC 004 Call restaurant 2 TC 002 TC 005 Make reservation 3 TC 002 Which of the following test cases should be executed as the third one?

Consider the following test categories (1-4) and agile testing quadrants (A-D): 1. Usability testing 2. Component testing 3. Functional testing 4. Reliability testing

During a risk analysis the following risk was identified and assessed:  Risk: Response time is too long to generate a report  Risk likelihood: medium; risk impact: high  Response to risk: o an independent test team performs performance testing during system testing o a selected sample of end users performs alpha and beta acceptance testing before the release What measure is proposed to be taken in response to this analyzed risk?

Which tool can be used by an agile team to show the amount of work that has been completed and the amount of total work remaining for a given iteration?

You need to update one of the automated test scripts to be in line with a new requirement. Which process indicates that you create a new version of the test script in the test repository?

You received the following defect report from the developers stating that the anomaly described in this test report is not reproducible. Application hangs up 2022-May-03 – John Doe – Rejected The application hangs up after entering “Test input: $ä” in the Name field on the new user creation screen. Tried to log off, log in with test_admin01 account, same issue. Tried with other test admin accounts, same issue. No error message received; log (see attached) contains fatal error notification. Based on the test case TC-1305, the application should accept the provided input and create the user. Please fix with high priority, this feature is related to REQ-0012, which is a critical new business requirement. What critical information is MISSING from this test report that would have been useful for the developers?

Which test activity does a data preparation tool support?

Which item correctly identifies a potential risk of performing test automation?

You were given a task to analyze and fix causes of failures in a new system to be released. Which activity are you performing?

In many software organizations the test department is called the Quality Assurance (QA) department. Is this sentence correct or not and why?

A phone ringing in a neighboring cubicle distracts a programmer causing him to improperly program the logic that checks the upper boundary of an input variable. Later, during system testing, a tester notices that this input field accepts invalid input values. Which of the following correctly describes an incorrectly coded upper bound?

Consider the following testware. Test Charter #04.018 Session time: 1h Explore: Registration page With: Different sets of incorrect input data Defects related to accepting the registration process with the To discover: incorrect input Which test activity produces this testware as an output?

Which of the following is the BEST example of how traceability supports testing?

Which of the following BEST explains a benefit of independence of testing?

You are working as a tester in the team that follows the V-model. The choise of software development lifecycle (SDLC) model impacts the timing of testing, which of the following statement is NOT true?

Which of the following are advantages of DevOps? i. Faster product release and faster time to market ii. Increases the need for repetitive manual testing iii. Constant availability of executable software iv. Reduction in the number of regression tests associated with code refactoring v. Setting up the test automation framework is inexpensive since everything is automated

You work as a tester in a project on a mobile application for food ordering for one of your clients. The client sent you a list of requirements. One of them, with high priority, says “The order must be processed in less than 10 seconds in 95% of the cases”. You created a set of test cases in which a number of random orders were made, the processing time measured, and the test results were checked against the requirements. What test type did you perform?

Your organization’s test strategy suggests that once a system is going to be retired, data migration shall be tested. As part of what test type is this testing MOST likely to be performed?

The following is a list of the work products produced in the SDLC. i. Business requirements ii. Schedule iii. Test budget iv. Third-party executable code v. User stories and their acceptance criteria Which of them can be reviewed?

Decide which of the following statements (i-v) are true for dynamic testing and which are true for static testing. i. Abnormal external behaviors are easier to identify with this testing ii. Discrepancies from a coding standard are easier to find with this testing iii. It identifies failures caused by defects when the software is run iv. Its test objective is to identify defects as early as possible v. Missing coverage for critical security requirements is easier to find and fix

Which of the following statements about formal reviews is TRUE?

What task may management take on during a formal review?

A wine storage system uses a control device that measures the wine cell temperature T (measured in °C, rounded to the nearest degree) and alarms the user if it deviates from the optimal value of 12, according to the following rules:  if T = 12, the system says, “optimal temperature”  if T < 12, the system says, “temperature is too low!”  if T > 12, the system says, “temperature is too high!” You want to use the 3-point boundary value analysis (BVA) to verify the behavior of the control device. A test input is a temperature in °C provided by the device. What is the MINIMAL set of test inputs that achieves 100% of the desired coverage?

Which of the following statements about branch testing is CORRECT?

You are testing a mobile application that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. You are running a test suite that involves evaluating each screen, and each field on each screen, against a general list of user interface best practices derived from a popular book on the topic that maximizes attractiveness, ease-of-use, and accessibility for such applications. Which of the following options BEST categorizes the test technique you are using?

Which of the following BEST describe the collaborative approach to user story writing?

Consider the following part of a test plan. Testing will be performed using component testing and component integration testing. The regulations require to demonstrate that 100% branch coverage is achieved for each component classified as critical. Which part of the test plan does this part belong to?

Your team uses planning poker to estimate the test effort for a newly required feature. There is a rule in your team that if there is no time to reach full agreement and the variation in the results is small, applying rules like “accept the number with the most votes” can be applied. After two rounds, the consensus was not reached, so the third round was initiated. You can see the test estimation results in the table below. Team members' estimations Round 1 21 2 5 34 13 8 2 Round 2 13 8 8 34 13 8 5 Round 3 13 8 13 13 13 13 8 Which of the following is the BEST example of the next step?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the test pyramid?

During risk analysis the team considered the following risk: “The system allows too high a discount for a customer”. The team estimated the risk impact to be very high. What can one say about the risk likelihood?

The following list contains risks that have been identified for a new software product to be developed: i. Management moves two experienced testers to another project ii. The system does not comply with functional safety standards iii. System response time exceeds user requirements iv. Stakeholders have inaccurate expectations v. Disabled people have problems when using the system Which of them are project risks?

Which of the following is an example of how product risk analysis influences thoroughness and scope of testing?

Which TWO of the following options are common metrics used for reporting on the quality level of the test object?

Which of the following pieces of information contained in a test progress report is the LEAST useful for business representatives?

Which of the following is an example of why testing is necessary?

Which of the following statements about quality assurance (QA) and/or quality control (QC) is correct?

One of the ‘principles of testing’ states that exhaustive testing is impossible. Which of the following is an example of addressing this principle in practice?

Which test activity involves working with test data requirements, test conditions, test environment requirements and test cases?

Which of the following is MOST likely to impact how testing is performed for a given test object?

Which of the following statements is a CORRECT example of the value of traceability?

Which of the following is MOST likely to be an example of a tester using a generic skill when testing?

Which of the following is an advantage of the whole-team approach?

Which of the following statements about the chosen software development lifecycle is CORRECT?

Which of the following is a good testing practice that applies to all software development lifecycles?

Which of the following is an example of a test-first approach to development?

Which of the following statements about DevOps is CORRECT?

Which of the following is MOST likely to be performed as part of system testing?

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Which of the following is an example of a defect that can be found by static testing but NOT by dynamic testing?

Which of the following is a benefit of early and frequent stakeholder feedback?

Given the following task descriptions: 1. The quality characteristics to be evaluated and the exit criteria are selected 2. Everyone has access to the work product 3. Anomalies are identified in the work product 4. Anomalies are discussed And the following review activities

Given the following roles in reviews: 1. Scribe 2. Review leader 3. Facilitator 4. Manager And the following responsibilities in reviews:

Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between decision table testing and branch testing?

Customers of the TestWash car wash chain have cards with a record of the number of washes they have bought so far. The initial value is 0. After entering the car wash, the system increases the number on the card by one. This value represents the number of the current wash. Based on this number the system decides what discount the customer is entitled to. For every tenth wash the system gives a 10% discount, and for every twentieth wash, the system gives a further 40% discount (i.e., a 50% discount in total). Which of the following sets of input data (understood as the numbers of the current wash) achieves the highest equivalence partition coverage?

You are testing a form that verifies the correctness of the length of the password given as input. The form accepts a password with the correct length and rejects a password that is too short or too long. The password length is correct if it has between 6 and 12 characters inclusive. Otherwise, it is considered incorrect. At first, the form is empty (password length = 0). You apply boundary value analysis to the “password length” variable. Your set of test cases achieves 100% 2-value boundary value coverage. The team decided that due to the high risk of this component, test cases should be added to ensure 100% 3-value boundary value coverage. Which additional password lengths should be tested to achieve this?

The following decision table contains the rules for determining the risk of atherosclerosis. Rule 1 Rule 2 Rule 3 Rule 4 Rule 5 Conditions Cholesterol (mg/dl) 125 – 125 – ≤124 ≤ 124 ≥ 201 200 200 Blood pressure (mm ≤ 140 > 140 ≤ 140 > 140 – Hg) Action Risk level very low low medium high very high You designed the test cases with the following test input data: TC1: Cholesterol = 125 mg/dl Blood pressure = 141 mm Hg TC2: Cholesterol = 200 mg/dl Blood pressure = 201 mm Hg TC3: Cholesterol = 124 mg/dl Blood pressure = 201 mm Hg TC4: Cholesterol = 109 mg/dl Blood pressure = 200 mm Hg TC5: Cholesterol = 201 mg/dl Blood pressure = 140 mm Hg What is the decision table coverage achieved by these test cases?

A storage system can store up to three elements and is modeled by the following state transition diagram. The variable N represents the number of currently stored elements. Which of the following test cases, represented as sequences of events, achieves the highest level of valid transitions coverage?

You run two test cases, T1 and T2, on the same code. Test T1 achieved 40% statement coverage and test T2 achieved 65% statement coverage. Which of the following sentences must be necessarily true?

Let the branch coverage metric be defined as BCov = (X / Y) * 100%. What do X and Y represent in this formula?

Which TWO of the following statements provide the BEST rationale for using exploratory testing?

Which of the following BEST fits as an element of the checklist used in checklist-based testing?

Consider the following acceptance criteria for a user story written from the perspective of an online store owner. Given that the user is logged in and on the homepage, When the user clicks on the "Add Item" button, Then the "Create Item" form should appear, And the user should be able to input a name and price for the new item. In what format is this acceptance criteria written?

Your team analyzes the following user story in order to define the acceptance criteria: As a registered customer, I want to be able to view my previous orders on the company's website, so that I can keep track of my purchases. Which of the following test cases will NOT be relevant for this user story?

Your team follows the process that uses the DevOps delivery pipeline. The first three steps of this process are: (1) Code development (2) Submit code into a version control system and merge it into the “test” branch (3) Perform component testing for the submitted code Which of the following is BEST suited to be the entry criterion for step (2) of this pipeline?

You want to estimate the test effort for the new project using estimation based on ratios. You calculate the test-to-development effort ratio using averaged data for both development effort and test effort from four historical projects similar to the new one. The table shows this historical data. Project Development effort Test effort ($) ($) P1 800,000 40,000 P2 1,200,000 130,000 P3 600,000 70,000 P4 1,000,000 120,000 The estimated development effort for the new project is $800,000. What is your estimate of the test effort in this project?

You are testing a web application that allows users to SEARCH for products, VIEW product details, ADD products to a shopping cart, and place an ORDER. You have prepared the following five test cases, which you want to execute according to their priorities: TC1: SEARCH product A Priority: medium TC2: VIEW product A details Priority: low TC3: ADD product B to a shopping cart Priority: medium TC4: ADD product C to a shopping cart Priority: high TC5: place an ORDER Priority: high You also identified the following logical dependencies between test cases:  SEARCH functionality must be tested before VIEW functionality can be tested, as product details rely on search functionality.  VIEW functionality must be tested before ADD functionality, as adding products relies on the availability of accurate product details.  ADD functionality must be tested before ORDER functionality, as placing an order relies on the availability of accurate shopping cart information. Which test case should be executed as the fourth one?

According to the testing quadrants model, which of the following falls into quadrant Q1 (“technology facing” and “support the team”)?

Given the following risks: 1. Ineffective loop implementation causes long system responses 2. Consumers change their preferences 3. Flooding of the server room 4. Patients above a certain age receive inaccurate reports And the following mitigation activities:

According to the testing quadrants model, which of the following falls into quadrant Q1 (“technology facing” and “support the team”)?

You are a member of a test team located in North America, developing a product for a client located in Europe. The team is agile and follows the DevOps approach and uses a continuous integration/continuous delivery pipeline. Which of the following is the LEAST effective way to communicate test progress to the customer?

Which of the following BEST describes an example of how configuration management (CM) supports testing?

You are testing a sort function that gets a set of numbers as input and returns the same set of numbers sorted in ascending order. The log from the test execution looks as follows. Environment configuration: sort function build 2.002.2182, test case set: TCS-3, # of TCs: 5 Test run ID: 736 Start 12:43:21.003 12:43:21.003 Execution of TC1. Input: 3. Output: 3. Result: passed 12:43:21.003 Execution of TC2. Input: 3 11 6 5. Output: 3 5 6 11. Result: passed 12:43:21.004 Execution of TC3. Input: 8 7 3 7 1. Output: 1 3 7 8. Result: failed 12:43:21.005 Execution of TC4. Input: -2 -2 -2 -3 -3. Output: -3 -2. Result: failed 12:43:21.005 Execution of TC5. Input: 0 -2 0 3 4 4. Output: -2 0 3 4. Result: failed End 12:43:21.005 Total time of test cycle: 0:00:00.002 Which of the following provides the BEST description of the failure that can be used in a defect report?

Given the following descriptions: 1. Support workflow tracking 2. Facilitate communication 3. Virtual machines 4. Support reviews And the following test tool categories:

Which of the following is MOST likely to be a benefit of test automation?

Which of the following is a typical test objective?

Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between testing and debugging?

The ‘absence-of-defects fallacy’ is one of the principles of testing. Which of the following is an example of addressing this principle in practice?

Which TWO of the following test activities are MOST likely to involve the application of boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning?

Given the following testware: 1. Coverage items 2. Change requests 3. Test execution schedule 4. Prioritized test conditions And the following test activities

Which of the following statements about the different testing roles is MOST likely to be CORRECT?

Which of the following is an advantage of the whole-team approach?

Which of the following statements about the independence of testing is CORRECT?

Which of the following is a good testing practice that applies to all software development lifecycles?

Which of the following is an example of a test-first approach to development?

Which of the following provides the BEST description of the shift-left approach?

Which of the following is LEAST likely to occur as a result of a retrospective?

Which of the following test levels is MOST likely being performed if the testing is focused on validation and is not being performed by testers?

The navigation system software has been updated due to it suggesting routes that break traffic laws, such as driving the wrong way down one-way streets. Which of the following BEST describes the testing that will be performed?

Given the following example defects: i. Two different parts of the design specification disagree due to the complexity of the design ii. A response time is too long and so makes users lose patience iii. A path in the code cannot be reached during execution iv. A variable is declared but never subsequently used in the program v. The amount of memory needed by the program to generate a report is too high Which of the following BEST identifies example defects that could be found by static testing (rather than dynamic testing)?

Which of the following is a benefit of early and frequent stakeholder feedback?

Given the following review types: 1. Technical review 2. Informal review 3. Inspection 4. Walkthrough And the following descriptions:

Which of the following is a factor that contributes to a successful review?

What is the MAIN difference between black-box test techniques and experience-based test techniques?

You are testing a PIN validator, which accepts valid PINs and rejects invalid PINs. A PIN is a sequence of digits. A PIN is valid if it consists of four digits, at least two of which are different. You have identified the following valid equivalence partitions: Variable: PIN code length  The partition “length correct” - four-digit PINs  The partition “length incorrect” - PINs with length other than 4 Variable: Number of different digits  The partition “number of different digits correct” - PINs with at least two different digits  The partition “number of different digits incorrect” - PINs with all digits being the same Which of the following is a MINIMUM set of input test data that covers all identified equivalence partitions?

W A developer was asked to implement the following business rule: INPUT: value (integer number) IF (value ≤ 100 OR value ≥ 200) THEN write “value incorrect” ELSE write “value OK” You design the test cases using 2-value boundary value analysis. Which of the following sets of test inputs achieves the greatest coverage?

You are working on a project to develop a system to analyze driving test results. You have been asked to design test cases based on the following decision table. R1 R2 R3 C1: First attempt at the exam? - - F C2: Theoretical exam passed? T F - C3: Practical exam passed? T - F Issue a driving license? X Request additional driving lessons? X Request to take the exam again? X What test data will show that there are contradictory rules in the decision table?

You are designing test cases based on the following state transition diagram: What is the MINIMUM number of test cases required to achieve 100% valid transitions coverage?

You want to apply branch testing to the code represented by the following control flow graph. How many coverage items do you need to test?

How can white-box testing be useful in support of black-box testing?

Consider the following list:  Correct input not accepted  Incorrect input accepted  Wrong output format  Division by zero What test technique is MOST PROBABLY used by the tester who uses this list when performing testing?

Which of the following BEST describes how using checklist-based testing can result in increased coverage?

Which of the following provides the BEST example of a scenario-oriented acceptance criterion?

You are using acceptance test-driven development and designing test cases based on the following user story: As a Regular or Special user, I want to be able to use my electronic floor card, to access specific floors. Acceptance Criteria: AC1: Regular users have access to floors 1 to 3 AC2: Floor 4 is only accessible to Special users AC3: Special users have all the access rights of Regular users Which test case is the MOST reasonable one to test AC3?

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a test plan?

At the beginning of each iteration, the team estimates the amount of work (in person-days) they will need to complete during the iteration. Let E(n) be the estimated amount of work for iteration n, and let A(n) be the actual amount of work done in iteration n. From the third iteration, the team uses the following estimation model based on extrapolation: 3 ∗ 𝐴(𝑛 − 1) + 𝐴(𝑛 − 2) 𝐸(𝑛) = 4 The graph shows the estimated and actual amount of work for the first four iterations. Estimated and actual effort (in person-days) 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Iteration #1 Iteration #2 Iteration #3 Iteration #4 Estimated Actual What is the estimated amount of work for iteration #5?

You are preparing a test execution schedule for executing seven test cases TC 1 to TC 7. The following figure includes the priorities of these test cases (1=highest priority, 3 = lowest priority). The figure also shows the dependencies between test cases using arrows. For instance, the arrow from TC 4 to TC 5 means that TC 5 can only be executed if TC 4 was previously executed. Which test case should be executed sixth?

What does the test pyramid model show?

What is the relationship between the testing quadrants, test levels and test types?

Which of the following is an example of how product risk analysis may influence the thoroughness and scope of testing?

Which of the following activities in the test process makes the MOST use of test progress reports?

Which of the following is NOT an example of how configuration management supports testing?

Consider the following defect report for a web-based shopping application: Application: WebShop v0.99 Defect: Login button not working Steps to Reproduce: Launch the website Click on the login button Expected result: The user should be redirected to the login page. Actual result: The login button does not respond when clicked. Severity: High Priority: Urgent What is the MOST important information that is missing from this report?

Tools from which of the following categories help with the organization of test cases, detected defects and configuration management?

Which of the following is MOST likely to be a benefit of test automation?

Which of the following is a typical test objective?

A designer documents a design for a user interface that does not suitably address disabled users because the designer is tired. The programmer implements the user interface in line with the design but as they are working under severe time pressure, they do not include suitable exception handling in their program code for bonus calculations. When the operational system is used, complaints are made by some disabled users about the interface and the company is subsequently fined by the relevant regulatory authority. No one notices that bonus calculations are sometimes incorrect. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

High-level test conditions are being used by testers to generate test cases and execute tests. Even though the test conditions remain the same, the test cases are varied each time. Which of the following ‘principles of testing’ is being addressed through the variation of test cases?

Given the following testware: i. Test completion report ii. Data held in a database used for test inputs and expected results iii. The list of elements needed to build the test environment iv. Documented sequences of test cases in execution order v. Test cases Which of the following BEST shows the testware produced as a result of performing test implementation?

Which of the following is MOST likely to describe a task performed by someone in a test management role?

Which of the following is an advantage of the whole team approach?

Given the following benefits and drawbacks of the independence of testing: i. The testers work in a different location from the developers ii. Testers question the assumptions programmers make while writing code iii. A confrontational dynamic has been established between testers and developers iv. Developers have convinced themselves that testers are mostly accountable for quality Which are MOST likely to be considered benefits?

Which of the following is a good testing practice that applies to all software development lifecycles?

Which of the following is an example of a test-first approach to development?

Which of the following is MOST likely to be a challenge encountered when implementing DevOps?

Which of the following BEST describes retrospectives?

Which of the following tests is MOST likely to be performed as part of functional testing?

Which of the following is MOST likely to be a trigger that leads to maintenance testing of a currency exchange system?

Which of the following CANNOT be examined by static testing?

Which of the following statements about the value of static testing is CORRECT?

Given the following descriptions of review activities: 1. Detected anomalies are deliberated upon, and determinations are reached regarding their status, ownership, and any further steps needed 2. Issues are recorded, and any needed updates are addressed prior to the acceptance of the work product 3. Reviewers employ techniques to come up with suggestions and questions about the work product and to spot anomalies 4. The objective of the review and its schedule are established to ensure a focused and efficient review 5. Participants are provided with access to the item being reviewed Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence in the review process of the activities that correspond to the descriptions?

Which participant in the review process is responsible for ensuring that the review meetings run effectively and that everyone at the meetings can voice their opinions freely?

You perform system testing of an e-commerce web application and are provided with the following requirement: REQ 05-017. If the total cost of purchases exceeds $100, the customer gets a 5% discount on subsequent purchases. Otherwise, the customer does not receive a discount. Which test techniques will be MOST helpful in designing test cases based on this requirement?

The system for selling cinema tickets calculates the discount type based on the client’s birth year (BY) and on the current year (CY) as follows: Let D be the difference between CY and BY, that is, D = CY – BY.  If D < 0 then print the error message “birth year cannot be greater than current year”  If 0 ≤ D < 18 then apply the student discount  If 18 ≤ D < 65 then apply no discount  If D ≥ 65 then apply the pensioner discount Your test suite already contains two test cases:  BY = 1990, CY = 2020, expected result: no discount  BY = 2030, CY = 2029, expected result: print the error message Which TWO of the following test data sets should be added to achieve full valid equivalence partitioning coverage for the discount type?

You are testing a temperature control system for a horticultural cold storage facility. The system receives the temperature (in full degrees Celsius) as the input. If the temperature is between 0 and 2 degrees inclusive, the system displays the message “temperature OK”. For lower temperatures, the system displays the message "temperature too low" and for higher temperatures it displays the message “temperature too high”. Using two-value boundary value analysis, which of the following sets of test inputs provides the highest level of boundary value coverage?

You are designing test cases based on the following decision table. R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 C1: Age 0-18 19-65 19-65 >65 0-18 19-65 >65 C2: Experience - 0-4 >4 - - - - C3: Registered? NO NO NO NO YES YES YES Category A A B B B D C So far you have designed the following test cases:  TC1: 19-year-old, unregistered man with no experience; expected result: category A  TC2: 65-year-old, unregistered woman with 5 years of experience; expected result: category B  TC3: 66-year-old, registered man with no experience; expected result: category C  TC4: 65-year-old, registered woman with 4 years of experience; expected result: category D Which of the following test cases, when added to the existing set of test cases, will increase the decision table coverage?

You are applying state transition testing to the hotel room reservation system modeled by the following state transition table, with 4 states and 5 different events: Events State Available NotAvailable ChangeRoom Cancel Pay S1: Requesting S2 S3 S2: Confirmed S1 S4 S4 S3: Waiting list S2 S4 S4: End Assuming all test cases start in the ‘Requesting’ state, which of the following test cases, represented as sequences of events, achieves the highest valid transitions coverage?

Your test suite S for a program P achieves 100% statement coverage. It consists of three test cases, each of which achieves 50% statement coverage. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

Why does white-box testing facilitate defect detection even when the software specification is vague, outdated or incomplete?

Which of the following is NOT anticipated by the tester while applying error guessing?

Which of the following is true about exploratory testing?

Which collaborative user story writing practice enables the team to achieve a collective understanding of what needs to be delivered?

You have just started designing test cases for the following user story. As a customer, I want to be able to filter search results by price range, so that I can find products within my budget more easily. Acceptance criteria: 1. The filter should work for all versions of the application from version 3.0 upwards 2. The filter should allow the customer to set a price range with a minimum and a maximum price 3. The search results should update dynamically as the customer adjusts the price range filter In all test cases the precondition is as follows: there are only two products available, products A and B. Product A costs $100 and product B costs $110. Which of the following is the BEST example of a test case for this user story?

Which of the following BEST define EXIT criteria in a testing project?

The team wants to estimate the time needed for one tester to execute four test cases for a software component. The team has gathered the following measures of the effort used to execute a single test case:  Best-case scenario: 1 hour  Worst-case scenario: 8 hours  Most likely scenario: 3 hours Given that the three-point estimation technique is being used, what is the final estimate of the time needed to execute all four test cases?

The table shows the traceability matrix from test cases to requirements. “X” means that a given test case covers the corresponding requirement. Req1 Req2 Req3 Req4 Req5 Req6 Req7 TC1 X X X X TC2 X X X TC3 X X TC4 X You want to prioritize the test cases following the additional coverage prioritization technique. You execute all four test cases. Which test case should be executed as the LAST one?

How can the testing quadrants be beneficial for testing?

For a given risk, its risk level is $1,000 and its risk likelihood is estimated as 50%. What is the risk impact?

Which of the following are product risks?

Which of the following is NOT a valid purpose for a test report?

The user reported a software failure. An engineer from the support team asked the user for the software version number where the failure was observed. Based on the version number, the team reassembled all the files that made up the release. This later allowed a developer to perform analysis, find the defect, and fix it. Which of the following enabled the above activity to be performed by the team?

Consider the following defect report for a Book Lending System. Defect ID: 001 | Title: Unable to Return a Book | Severity: High | Priority: Environment: Windows 10, Google Chrome Description: When attempting to return a book using the Book Return feature, the system does not register the return and the book remains checked out to the user. Steps to Reproduce: Login to the Book Lending System as a user who has checked out a book. Click on the "Book Return" button for the book that has been checked out. System does not register the return and the book remains checked out. Expected Result: The book should be returned and no longer appear as checked out to the user. Actual Result: The book remains checked out to the user and is not registered as returned in the system. Attachments: [empty list] Which of the following is MOST likely to help the developer reproduce the failure quickly?

Given the following test tool categories: i. Collaboration tools ii. DevOps tools iii. Management tools iv. Non-functional testing tools v. Test design and implementation tools Tools from which of the categories are MOST likely to facilitate test execution?

Which of the following is MOST likely to be a risk of test automation?